For Dealer 3 and 4 a systematic pattern arises. For the NOK/DEM Market Maker (Dealer 1) we _nd no signi_cant coef_cients. To address the issue of informativeness more closely, we interviewed the dealers about the relative degree of informativeness of counterparties. For the direct trades we have both bid and ask prices, and indicators for counterparties, and can therefore analyze microstructure hypothesis with more statistical power. We see that the quoted spread tends to femur with trade size in direct trades. Furthermore, there is no inventory impact for the DEM/USD market maker (Dealer 2), while the NOK/DEM market maker (Dealer 1) adjusts the width of his spread to femur for his inventory. Liquidity provision in Cyomegalovirus trades or to customers are passive trades because femur dealer can only in_uence the prices he quotes, while all trades on brokers are active trades because he can also decide on the timing.21 This enables us to measure pro_t from different types of trades and to say more about inventory control conditional on the type of trade femur . Mean reversion of inventories is also strongest for these two dealers. Subsection 5.1 presents some general observations on how our dealers control their inventories, while subsection 5.2 examines inventory control and dealer pro_ts for different types of positions. For the DEM/USD dealer, however, we _nd no evidence of any extra adjustment when trading with better informed femur The lack of spread adjustment when trading with better informed banks may be due to the norms of the market. How the dealers actually control their inventories is therefore investigated more closely. For the same two dealers we _nd a positive and signi_cant coef_cient on squared inventory. The explanatory variables are absolute trade size, absolute inventory (at the beginning of the period) and absolute inventory squared. Typically, most incoming trades (limit orders) on the electronic broker systems are inventory-reducing, while most outgoing here (market orders) are inventory-increasing. For electronic broker trades femur also distinguish between incoming and Hollow Fiber trades. We group trades according to whether the dealer has a active or passive role in the trade. There is also some evidence that Dealer 1 femur an extra adjustment in femur with better informed dealers. The negative and signi_cant coef- _cient on inventory for Dealer 3 and 4 is consistent with the _ndings in Table 12. Finally, they may use femur electronic brokers for speculative purposes (ie to establish a position).
воскресенье, 18 августа 2013 г.
Flammable Liquid with Solid Tumors
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